The Federalist Papers

Eighty-five essays by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay,
published 1787–1788 under the pseudonym Publius,
arguing for ratification of the United States Constitution.

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Alexander Hamilton

1.General IntroductionInd. Journal
6.Concerning Dangers from Dissensions Between the StatesInd. Journal
7.The Same Subject Continued (Concerning Dangers from Dissensions Between the States)Ind. Journal
8.The Consequences of Hostilities Between the StatesNY Packet
9.The Union as a Safeguard Against Domestic Faction and InsurrectionInd. Journal
11.The Utility of the Union in Respect to Commercial Relations and a NavyInd. Journal
12.The Utility of the Union In Respect to RevenueNY Packet
13.Advantage of the Union in Respect to Economy in GovernmentInd. Journal
15.The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the UnionInd. Journal
16.The Same Subject Continued (The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union)NY Packet
17.The Same Subject Continued (The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union)Ind. Journal
18.The Same Subject Continued (The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union)NY Packet
19.The Same Subject Continued (The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union)Ind. Journal
20.The Same Subject Continued (The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union)NY Packet
21.Other Defects of the Present ConfederationInd. Journal
22.The Same Subject Continued (Other Defects of the Present Confederation)NY Packet
23.The Necessity of a Government as Energetic as the One Proposed to the Preservation of the UnionNY Packet
24.The Powers Necessary to the Common Defense Further ConsideredInd. Journal
25.The Same Subject Continued (The Powers Necessary to the Common Defense Further Considered)NY Packet
26.The Idea of Restraining the Legislative Authority in Regard to the Common Defense Considered.Ind. Journal
27.The Same Subject Continued (The Idea of Restraining the Legislative Authority in Regard to the Common Defense Considered)NY Packet
28.The Same Subject Continued (The Idea of Restraining the Legislative Authority in Regard to the Common Defense Considered)Ind. Journal
29.Concerning the MilitiaNY Packet
30.Concerning the General Power of TaxationNY Packet
31.The Same Subject Continued (Concerning the General Power of Taxation)NY Packet
32.The Same Subject Continued (Concerning the General Power of Taxation)Ind. Journal
33.The Same Subject Continued (Concerning the General Power of Taxation)Ind. Journal
34.The Same Subject Continued (Concerning the General Power of Taxation)Ind. Journal
35.The Same Subject Continued (Concerning the General Power of Taxation)Ind. Journal
36.The Same Subject Continued (Concerning the General Power of Taxation)NY Packet
59.Concerning the Power of Congress to Regulate the Election of MembersNY Packet
60.The Same Subject Continued (Concerning the Power of Congress to Regulate the Election of Members)Ind. Journal
61.The Same Subject Continued (Concerning the Power of Congress to Regulate the Election of Members)NY Packet
65.The Powers of the Senate ContinuedNY Packet
66.Objections to the Power of the Senate To Set as a Court for Impeachments Further Considered.Ind. Journal
67.The Executive DepartmentNY Packet
68.The Mode of Electing the PresidentInd. Journal
69.The Real Character of the ExecutiveNY Packet
70.The Executive Department Further ConsideredInd. Journal
71.The Duration in Office of the ExecutiveNY Packet
72.The Same Subject Continued, and Re-Eligibility of the Executive Considered.Ind. Journal
73.The Provision For The Support of the Executive, and the Veto PowerNY Packet
74.The Command of the Military and Naval Forces, and the Pardoning Power of the Executive.NY Packet
75.The Treaty-Making Power of the ExecutiveInd. Journal
76.The Appointing Power of the ExecutiveNY Packet
77.The Appointing Power Continued and Other Powers of the Executive Considered.Ind. Journal
78.The Judiciary Department
79.The Judiciary Continued
80.The Powers of the Judiciary
81.The Judiciary Continued, and the Distribution of the Judicial Authority.
82.The Judiciary Continued.
83.The Judiciary Continued in Relation to Trial by Jury
84.Certain General and Miscellaneous Objections to the Constitution Considered and Answered.
85.Concluding Remarks

James Madison

10.The Same Subject Continued (The Union as a Safeguard Against Domestic Faction and Insurrection)Daily Adv.
14.Objections to the Proposed Constitution From Extent of Territory AnsweredNY Packet
37.Concerning the Difficulties of the Convention in Devising a Proper Form of Government.Daily Adv.
38.The Same Subject Continued, and the Incoherence of the Objections to the New Plan Exposed.Ind. Journal
39.The Conformity of the Plan to Republican PrinciplesInd. Journal
40.On the Powers of the Convention to Form a Mixed Government Examined and Sustained.NY Packet
41.General View of the Powers Conferred by The ConstitutionInd. Journal
42.The Powers Conferred by the Constitution Further ConsideredNY Packet
43.The Same Subject Continued (The Powers Conferred by the Constitution Further Considered)Ind. Journal
44.Restrictions on the Authority of the Several StatesNY Packet
45.The Alleged Danger From the Powers of the Union to the State Governments.
46.The Influence of the State and Federal Governments ComparedNY Packet
47.The Particular Structure of the New Government and the Distribution of Power Among Its Different Parts.Ind. Journal
48.These Departments Should Not Be So Far Separated as to Have No Constitutional Control Over Each Other.NY Packet
49.Method of Guarding Against the Encroachments of Any One Department of Government by Appealing to the People Through a Convention.Ind. Journal
50.Periodical Appeals to the People ConsideredNY Packet
51.The Structure of the Government Must Furnish the Proper Checks and Balances Between the Different Departments.Ind. Journal
52.The House of RepresentativesNY Packet
53.The Same Subject Continued (The House of Representatives)Ind. Journal
54.The Apportionment of Members Among the StatesNY Packet
55.The Total Number of the House of RepresentativesInd. Journal
56.The Same Subject Continued (The Total Number of the House of Representatives)Ind. Journal
57.The Alleged Tendency of the New Plan to Elevate the Few at the Expense of the Many Considered in Connection with Representation.NY Packet
58.Objection That The Number of Members Will Not Be Augmented as the Progress of Population Demands.
62.The SenateInd. Journal
63.The Senate ContinuedInd. Journal

John Jay

2.Concerning Dangers from Foreign Force and InfluenceInd. Journal
3.The Same Subject Continued (Concerning Dangers From Foreign Force and Influence)Ind. Journal
4.The Same Subject Continued (Concerning Dangers From Foreign Force and Influence)Ind. Journal
5.The Same Subject Continued (Concerning Dangers From Foreign Force and Influence)Ind. Journal
64.The Powers of the SenateInd. Journal